why was france a threat to elizabeth in 1558

Elizabeth I and Spain - History Learning Site King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. She was a Protestant. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. This focused on dividing the poor into the able-bodied and the impotent. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 2nd point + evidence. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. Save. Phillip was warned against this mission but believed he was on a mission from God. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. King Phillip had been preparing for an attack on England since 1585 and Marys execution made the situation worse with him even more determined to invade England. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Mary | Biography & Facts | Britannica PDF Subject: History Year: 10Lesson 3 - Schudio There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . When Elizabeth I acquired the English throne in 1558, many believed due to the religious decisions of her predecessors, dating back to Henry VIII's reign, Elizabeth had inherited a country that was predominantly Catholic in belief. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. No Payment details required and completelyRisk Free. From there we will look at the career . For two weeks of the second half of November, Catholic mass was heard at Durham Cathedral too (with all evidence of Protestantism destroyed). Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). 1560 - death of francis II, Mary returns to scotland as queen. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. Born: 7 September 1533. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. What happened to Elizabeth I in 1554? - Answers The Protestant Elizabeth certainly faced difficulties upon becoming Queen with regard to legitimacy, especially from English Catholics and the wider Catholic world. VAT reg no 816865400. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Died: 24 March 1603. Suitable for the Edexcel GCSE History (9-1) course. The problems arose as she ruled an isolated protestant kingdom surrounded by catholic superpowers. VAT reg no 816865400. Write a paragraph or two. Mary, Queen of Scots, flees from Scotland to England. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. The Armada sailed up the Channel in a defensive crescent formation which used the large armed galleons to protect the weaker supply ships and infantry ships. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. There were fewer naval ships anchored there and the port was the centre for a large number of naval supplies which Drake intended to either seize or destroy. Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of PPTX What problems did Elizabeth I face when she became Queen in 1558? Elizabeth had given financial help to the rebels, however, remained reluctant to provoke King Phillip by getting directly involved. Boston House, - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. Life of Catholics in Elizabethan era | Laws against Catholics This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. Those involved planned for an invasion of England by French troops and were financed by Phillip II of Spain and the Pope. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the problem posed to Elizabeth I upon her accession arising from the question of legitimacy. Boston House, 2) This war was not a success. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. One reason Dudley failed was that he wasnt a talented general or tactician. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Elizabeth I - Accession | Britannica When Mary I died in 1558, England and Spain were allies in a war against France. Their complete failure effectively ended any threat Spain posed to the English. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Fearful of the wrath of Catholic powerhouses, France and Spain, Elizabeth did not want to be perceived as Europes leading Protestant. Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. What were the causes of westward . English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. Upon his arrival, he accepted the position of Governor-General which proved to be a big mistake as it suggested that Elizabeth had taken control of the Netherlands. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. Some Vikings fled to France to establish a colony called Normandy. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). J. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. Elizabeth I was Queen of England and Ireland from 17th November 1558 to 24th March 1603. One was debt. They Schools can qualify for all our resources for free. The execution of Mary, Queen of Scots eventually took place on 8th February 1587. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle Continue with Recommended Cookies. The evidence was enough to persuade Elizabeth to put Mary on trial and eventually execute her for treason. When Elizabeth came to the throne in 1558 her people were divided by religion. Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. Marriage to a foreign prince would ensure a foreign alliance and would have strengthened England against threats from abroad. In 1568, a final blow came when some Spanish ships were blown off course into English waters, and the English seized them. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. PDF What problems did Elizabeth face in 1558? - WordPress.com Elizabeth I: facts for kids - National Geographic Kids He even came to England to meet Elizabeth and she even announced before some of her courtiers that she would marry him. The war with Spain continued for 15 years, but the Armada of 1588 was the last real serious Spanish threat to Elizabeths throne. This plot was supported by the Pope and King Phillip II, who agreed to provide troops for a Spanish invasion. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Norfolk was killed in 1572. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Following Marys death, there were no more major Catholic plots during Elizabeths reign. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. King Phillip tried to send two further Armadas in the 1590s however, both were unsuccessful. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The conspirators including Babington were all. The war was going badly for England. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - conclusion. Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. Why was the Catholic threat greater by the 1580s? Another problem Elizabeth I had when she ascended to the throne in 1558 was the problems she had with illegitimacy. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. The Spanish Fury united both the Dutch Catholics and Protestants, who demanded in response to the violence: 1) the expulsion of all Spanish troops from the Netherlands 2) political freedom and 3) an end to religious hostility via the Spanish Inquisition. There were two important reasons why France was seen as a threat to England. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. Elizabeth faced many problems upon her accession to her throne in 1558 and, whilst the question of legitimacy was important, the immediate concerns of debt, as well as the threat from France and Scotland were of far greater significance as they instantly impacted upon her ability to rule. Manage Settings By instinct, Elizabeth was a PDF History Paper 2 - Elizabeth Topic 1: Early threats and the Religious An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. However, it should be noted that one reason for the eventual crushing of the revolt is because the vast majority of Catholics in the north stayed loyal to Elizabeth and did not revolt, suggesting that Elizabeth did not face a threat from all Catholics within England, but enough of a threat to be permanently suspicious. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. This meant that Elizabeth was declared illegitimate as her claim to the throne comes through the marriage of Anne to Henry. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley | English statesman The death of Spains leading admiral, Santa Cruz, in February 1588, led to the appointment of the inexperienced Duke of Medina Sidonia to lead the Spanish Armada. The English navy attempted some minor raids but they were largely ineffective as only 2 Spanish ships were lost, and these were by accident. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. [The conclusion establishes relative importance and explains why one factor was more important than another.]. The English sent 8 fireships loaded with flammable materials in the middle of the night towards the anchored Spanish ships. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. Marriage and the Succession She was expected to marry and produce an heir for the Tudor line but she wanted to choose the right person and not anger anyone. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. However, to say therefore increasing involvement was the responsibility of Elizabeth alone would be wrong. LS23 6AD In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. Company Reg no: 04489574. The harsh weather conditions made it impossible for the Spanish fleet to return to the Channel after the battle of Gravelines. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. 1. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. Marys presence in England posed an on-going threat as she had a strong claim to the throne herself. The Situation on Elizabeth's Accession | Mind Map - GoConqr From 1566 the Pope had instructed English Catholics to take part in recusancy, and by 1570 a Papal Bull had been issued excommunicating Elizabeth and stating that English Catholics had no need to have loyalty towards their Queen and instead should help overthrow her. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. Between the period between 1577 and 1580, Drake sailed around the world and carried out a number of raids on Spanish settlements and ships. Why was the throckmorton plot a threat to elizabeth 12 marker? Their union had brought peace between Spain and England, and Elizabeth's Privy Council hoped to maintain this. This meant two of the most powerful European nations were now united against Protestantism, placing Elizabeth in a precarious position. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. This included: 1) the Act of Supremacy which stated that Elizabeth was Head of the Church, 2) the Act of Uniformity which set out expectations for church appearances and church services and 3) Royal Injunctions a set of instructions reinforcing the Acts of Supremacy and Uniformity. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. August 3rd - 4th: Spanish ships were outgunned and forced to move to Calais in France. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Elizabeth's parents, Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Why didn't Mary and Francis have a child? - coalitionbrewing.com

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