united states acquisitions and annexations 1857 1904

Most U.S. historians, especially when working on the zoomed-out, textbook level, implicitly take as their unit of analysis only a part of the United States, the contiguous part. United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904 United States positions (with date of acquiunion) 1047 Spheres of Influence of the United States UNITED STATES 1898 1895 Ishorten L GUATEMAL CARAGUA Guam PANTALLA SOUTH AMERICA N Canal Fone Later L AUSTRALIA PACIFIC OCEAN IN 14 W 10 W IN W analyze this Document (notes) ]d*d>&Pd,QMG{\T-8FFSI>rK}bbSh]Z")aqvTI*FI}jO~>(-lL%cd&ct2Pd{>t: 91 R5(LtT+3l1YZzDzL>X2LkR:&.iz>,!9)9s6G&f!))wGc/=-UHwkAx#qhO Sectionalism map of the united states; John O'Sullivan (1813-1895), famously proclaimed that it was "our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence." 4. We can see, better than we could before, how the territorial extensions of the United States matter today, and how they have mattered in the past. 45. Congress officially annexed Alaska in 1884 America Acquires Alaska U. The territorial governor of Alaska, Ernest Gruening, saw it that way, and drafted a book in 1954 entitled Alaska is a Colony (never published, but held in the Ernest Gruening Papers, box 754, folder 316, Alaska and Polar Regions Department, Archives and Manuscripts, University of AlaskaFairbanks). 52, July 27, 1951, 3; Panama Canal Zone (46): Current Population Reports , Series P-25, No. In 1898, the rush of imperial expansion encouraged a new understanding of the United States as the Greater United States. This is a United States territorial acquisitions and conquests list, . 35. following military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims, Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Act of 1856, Unincorporated territory annexed under Guano Act of 1856; Albizus long career defies easy summary. endobj In 1857, the United States began annexing guano islandsuninhabited islands possessing valuable fertilizer. The company operated by providing a network of support infrastructure for adventuring groups, which were referred to as franchises. Besides the above, see especially Cynthia Enloe, Bananas, Beaches, and Bases: Making Feminist Sense of International Politics (Berkeley, CA, 1990); Katharine H. S. Moon, Sex among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.Korea Relations (New York, 1997); McCaffrey, Military Power and Popular Protest ; Maria Hhn, GIs and Frauleins: The German-American Encounter in 1950s West Germany (Chapel Hill, NC, 2002); Ji-Yeon Yuh, Beyond the Shadow of Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America (New York, 2002); Petra Goedde, GIs and Germans: Culture, Gender, and Foreign Relations, 19451959 (New Haven, CT, 2003); Mark L. Gillem, America Town: Building the Outposts of Empire (Minneapolis, MN, 2007); Masumichi S. Inoue, Okinawa and the U.S. Military: Identity Making in the Age of Globalization (New York, 2007); Harvey Neptune, Caliban and the Yankees: Trinidad and the United States Occupation (Chapel Hill, NC, 2007); Steven High, Base Colonies in the Western Hemisphere, 19401967 (New York, 2009); Lipman, Guantnamo ; Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire ; David Vine, Island of Shame: The Secret History of the U.S Military Base on Diego Garcia (Princeton, NJ, 2009); Maria Hhn and Seungsook Moon, eds., Over There: Living with the U.S. Military Empire from World War Two to the Present (Durham, NC, 2010); Amy Austin Holmes, Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and Germany since 1945 (Cambridge, 2014); Sasha Davis, The Empires Edge: Militarization, Resistance, and Transcending Hegemony in the Pacific (Athens, GA, 2015); and Vine, Base Nation . conduct an article review of this chapter, using the format below: In that decade, his followers bombed numerous federal buildings (including the governors mansion) and assassinated Puerto Ricos chief of police. California filled with whites and transitioned from military rule to statehood in two years. Swains Island was annexed in 1925 (occupied since 1856), . 1857. The United States continued to hold colonies after World War II, hence the Puerto Rican Uprising of 1950 and House shooting of 1954. for $5 million in assumed claims under Adams-Ons Treaty, Purchase from Mexico [from old catalog] Created / Published Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. 7. 10 It is true that many of the currentinsular possessions of the United States are extraordinarily small (Wake Island: population 150; Swains Island: population 17). It set the Philippines free. 3 (1933): 44874. See also Stacie L. Pettyjohn, U. S. Global Defense Posture, 17832001 (Santa Monica, CA, 2012). 29,670. for $25 million; currently an organized, unincorporated U.S. territory under jurisdiction of Office of Insular Affairs of the Dept. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The highest office in the U.S. Army is chief of staff, established in 1903. Also available in digital form. Our narratives register not only the black experience but, moreover, the ways in which the changing position of African Americans drove key episodes in national history. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Philippines Island, Midway Island, Guam and more. Perhaps not coincidentally, this was precisely the time when the Wisconsin School developed its understanding of U.S. empire as an informal undertaking. 32. Also available in digital form. 43. United states acquisitions and annexations 1857-1904; Was the united states on the axis powers or allied powers? But he grew disillusioned and turned against the U.S. government, becoming, in the words of J. Edgar Hoover (who held him under surveillance for three decades), the guiding light of Puerto Rican nationalism. Writers, too, registered the change, as they cast about for new ways to refer to the country. You notice that Pearl Harbor was not just an isolated attack on one patch of U.S. soil but a blitzkrieg directed at U.S. and British colonial holdings in the Pacific. The reason has not just to do with our conception of empire. For a larger overview of the Philippines during the war, the places to start are Teodoro A. Agoncillo, The Fateful Years: Japans Adventure in the Philippines (Quezon City, 1965), 2 vols., and Richard Trota Jose, ed., World War II and the Japanese Occupation (Quezon City, 2006). 47. Also available in digital form. Perpetual Foreigners: Chinese Americans and the U.S. 39 It abandoned base sites, in some cases as a response to anti-basing protests. A different but compatible accounting is offered in David Vine, Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Abroad Harm America and the World (New York, 2015). Profile of the Erie Canal, notes, and illustration in lower margin. Expansion . 1 0 obj One might rightly ask whether, in accepting the category of the Greater United States, historians would be implicitly endorsing or naturalizing the United States empire. Title from title sheet. On March 1, 1784, just 47 days after the Treaty of Paris granting the United States independence was ratified, Virginia ceded its claims over the area north of the Ohio River to the federal government. Search for other works by this author on: The Author 2016. of 1783 following military victory, Purchased from France Theodore Friend writes that at least 500,000 Filipinos, 300,000 Japanese, and 40,000 mainlanders were killed in Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 19291946 (New Haven, CT, 1965), 267. Hello, Or jump ahead to the 2008 presidential election, which pitted Barack Obama, a Hawaiian (born shortly after Hawaii became a state), against John McCain, a Zonian (i.e., born in the Panama Canal Zone), and Sarah Palin, the governor of Alaska. 25 And the pattern continued: as older territories became states, new annexations brought new territories into the polity. 1856; under the jurisdiction of the U.S. It is somewhat absurd to compare that figure to the actual number of black people, given the arbitrary and variable nature of race as a social construction (particularly so within the empire). Oregon Territory. Not only was the occupation itself onerous, but the reconquest of those colonies by the United States was extraordinarily violent. The United States of America : including all its newly acquired territory. Purchase from Mexico following military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims. Gadsden Purchase. In the rest of the theater, it occurred on December 8th. The profession of liberty (the eagle), the reality of domination (the grasping talons)both parts are important to the notion of informal empire. This has been a common response of cities to urbanization in neighboring areas. On the eve of the Second World War, the United States had the worlds fifth-largest empire on the planet by population. 18 Its worth noting, though, that Bolton himself was shaped by the 1898 moment. 3 0 obj 41. Two weeks before Dien Bien Phu, four nationalists entered the House of Representatives in Washington, D.C., made their way to the upstairs Ladies Gallery, unfurled a Puerto Rican flag, pulled out pistols, and fired 29 rounds into the body politic below them. Adding Texas and Vermont to the pool yields an average time-to-statehood of 42 years. 5. More recent work that explores the subordinated status of western territories includes Earl S. Pomeroy, The Territories and the United States, 18611890: Studies in Colonial Administration (Philadelphia, PA, 1947); Whitney T. Perkins, Denial of Empire: The United States and Its Dependencies (Leyden, 1962); Jack Ericson Eblen, The First and Second United States Empires: Governors and Territorial Government, 17841912 (Pittsburgh, PA, 1968); Andrew R. L. Cayton, The Frontier Republic: Ideology and Politics in the Ohio Country, 17801825 (Kent, OH, 1986); Peter S. Onuf, Statehood and Union: A History of the Northwest Ordinance (Bloomington, IN, 1987); Peter J. Kastor, The Nations Crucible: The Louisiana Purchase and the Creation of America (New Haven, CT, 2004); Gary Lawson and Guy Seidman, The Constitution of Empire: Territorial Expansion and American Legal History (New Haven, CT, 2004); Sanford Levinson and Bartholomew H. Sparrow, eds., The Louisiana Purchase and American Expansion, 18031898 (Lanham, MD, 2005); and Go, Patterns of Empire . Treaty of Paris for $7.2 million; statehood 1959, Annexation of independent republic; statehood 1959, Purchased from Spain Yet annexation did take place. 41. Albizu presents something of a puzzle. Once again, the Greater United States is coming into view. But things are changing quickly. I am here counting Washington, D.C., among the states, even though it is a district, not a state, and lacks the full rights that states have. CLASS Discussion Board 5: The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez Donald M. Seekins, Historical Setting, in Ronald E. Dolan, Philippines: A Country Study (Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1991), 41. On the Insular Cases and the legal questions of empire see especially Christina Duffy Burnett and Marshall Burke, eds., Foreign in a Domestic Sense: Puerto Rico, American Expansion, and the Constitution (Durham, NC, 2001); Christina Duffy Burnett, Untied States: American Expansion and Territorial Deannexation, University of Chicago Law Review 72 (2005): 797879; Bartholomew H. Sparrow, The Insular Cases and the Emergence of American Empire (Lawrence, KS, 2006); Kal Raustiala, Does the Constitution Follow the Flag? The country claimed 94 such islands . J. Edgar Hoover to Harry Hopkins, July 17, 1943, FBIPR Files, Pedro Albizu Campos, FBI File No. Histories of the United States are, by and large, histories of the logo map. The tacit assumption is that the empire didnt matter for what came next. Palins husband, an Alaska Native, was for years a registered member of the Alaska Independence Party. The New York Puerto Rican Day Parade last summer was also dedicated to Pedro Albizu Campos. But, overall, the overseas territories today contain over four million people. 34 Manila, the sixth-largest city in the United States (substantially larger than Boston or Washington, D.C.), was decimated. independent as Republic of the Marshall David Rumsey Map Collection. Boston, Small, Maynard & company. . See, for example, James C. Fernald, The Imperial Republic (New York, 1899); Alpheus H. Snow, The Administration of Dependencies: A Study of the Evolution of the Federal Empire, with Special Reference to American Colonial Problems (New York, 1902); and Willis Fletcher Johnson, A Century of Expansion (New York, 1903). 26. These were, it is important to state, not novelty maps. W.B. For a fuller picture of how colonial encounters might change larger narratives of U.S. history, consider the Second World War. independent as Kiribati United States--Foreign relations, - But that assumption is becoming increasingly hard to hold. We typically say that the end of the war left the United States in a global position of economic and political supremacy. 32 And it included the internment of Alaska Natives from the Aleutian Islands by the U.S. government.

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